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They are described as “short-lived” because they persist in the atmosphere for as little as a few days to months.ĭespite this, Benmarhnia said the new guidelines could have widened the scope and included more types of sources of emissions in the context of tackling the climate crisis. Some air pollutants including methane - a potent greenhouse gas - as well as the components of soot and urban smog are short-lived climate pollutants, which have been linked to the near-term warming of the planet. These same communities also face the greatest impacts of the climate crisis. A recent study found that 78% of Black Americans are exposed to higher-than-average concentrations of pollution from every type of source, including industry, agriculture, construction and vehicles. In the US, people of color and low-income communities suffer disproportionately from air pollution. In India, where the air in vast parts of the country is often clogged by smoke from industries, recent research showed people could achieve nearly six years of life expectancy if they strictly met air quality guidelines. Still, many countries don’t meet the WHO’s recommended guidelines. Global assessments of ambient air pollution alone suggest hundreds of millions of healthy years of life lost, with low and middle-income countries the hardest hit. “There are a lot of evidence that’s been produced in the last few years showing that even at the lowest levels of air pollution, including PM 2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, there is still a huge impact at the population level,” Benmarhnia told CNN.
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Tarik Benmarhnia, a climate change epidemiologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography who studied the health impacts of wildfire smoke, said the new guidelines could have been more ambitious than just reducing air quality threshold levels, calling the scope of the new update “a bit underwhelming.” A recent study published in August found that increases in PM 2.5 from wildfire smoke in 2020 led to a surge in Covid-19 cases and deaths across the Western US. Researchers have already seen a particularly strong connection between the rise in Covid-19 cases and air pollution from wildfires. People with these underlying medical conditions are at greater risk of developing the most severe outcomes from Covid-19 infection, the research showed. Fine particulate matter comes from sources like the burning of fossil fuels, wildfires and agriculture, and is linked to a number of health complications including asthma, heart disease, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory illnesses - all underlying conditions that make people vulnerable to severe outcomes from Covid-19. The latest guidelines also support recent research that found air pollution is most likely a contributing factor to health burden caused by Covid-19.
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“This creates a triple-win scenario for the benefit of air quality, climate action and health, and is one of the elements postulated by WHO Manifesto for a healthy recovery from Covid-19.” “These guidelines reinforce the need for urgent action that would benefit the health of all, including vulnerable populations,” Jarosińska told CNN. Dorota Jarosińska, the international agency’s technical lead, who helped develop the new global guidelines, called the new update a “triple-win scenario,” as it not only protects public health and improves air quality, but also mitigates the climate crisis. The report comes as world leaders meet in New York for the 76th United Nations General Assembly to tackle the twin crises of the Covid-19 pandemic and climate change. The guidelines, which are designed to help governments craft air quality regulations, also include other major health and climate-damaging pollutants, both outdoor and indoor, such as PM 10 - particulate matter larger than PM 2.5 - as well as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. If the new 2021 air quality guidelines had been applied then, there could have been a nearly 80% reduction in PM 2.5-related premature deaths, or 3.3 million fewer deaths, according to the UN agency. In 2016, around 4.1 million premature deaths - more than half of the total deaths attributable to air quality issues - were associated with fine particulate matter.
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The new guidelines, which hadn’t been updated in 15 years, recommend the concentration of this harmful substance be halved in the world’s air, from 10 micrograms per cubic meter to 5.